The polio vaccine is a medical preparation designed to protect against poliovirus, the virus that causes poliomyelitis, a disease that can lead to paralysis. There are two main types of polio vaccines: the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is given as an injection, and the oral polio vaccine (OPV), which is taken by mouth. Both vaccines have been effective in reducing polio cases worldwide. Since the introduction of the polio vaccine in the 1950s, global efforts have significantly decreased the incidence of polio. Vaccination campaigns, often led by organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO), aim to eradicate the disease by ensuring that children receive the vaccine, thereby preventing outbreaks and protecting public health.