Polar exploration refers to the scientific and adventurous journeys undertaken to study the Arctic and Antarctic regions. These expeditions aim to understand the unique ecosystems, climate, and geography of these extreme environments. Explorers often face harsh weather conditions, including freezing temperatures and ice-covered landscapes. Notable figures in polar exploration include Roald Amundsen, who was the first to reach the South Pole in 1911, and Robert Peary, who claimed to have reached the North Pole in 1909. These explorations have contributed significantly to our knowledge of climate change and the importance of preserving polar habitats.