Pleurisy is a condition that occurs when the pleura, the thin membrane surrounding the lungs, becomes inflamed. This inflammation can cause sharp chest pain, especially when breathing, coughing, or sneezing. Pleurisy can result from various causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases, or even injury. When someone has pleurisy, they may also experience symptoms like shortness of breath or a dry cough. Treatment often focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may include medications to reduce pain and inflammation. In most cases, pleurisy resolves with proper care, allowing the lungs to function normally again.