Plagues, or afflictions, refer to widespread diseases that cause significant suffering and mortality among populations. Historically, they have been caused by various pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, and can spread rapidly through communities. Notable examples include the Black Death in the 14th century and the Spanish Flu in 1918, both of which had devastating effects on human health. Plagues can also refer to other forms of suffering, such as famine or natural disasters, that impact large groups of people. These events often lead to social and economic disruption, prompting responses from governments and organizations to mitigate their effects and support affected communities.