Pike and shot is a military formation that combines two types of soldiers: those armed with long spears called pikes and those equipped with firearms, typically muskets. This tactic emerged in the late 15th century and became popular during the Renaissance and Early Modern periods. The pikes provided a defensive barrier against cavalry, while the musketeers could fire from behind the pike line, creating a versatile and effective fighting force. The formation allowed armies to adapt to changing battlefield conditions. As gunpowder technology advanced, the balance between pikes and shot evolved, leading to the eventual decline of pike-heavy formations in favor of more firearm-centric tactics. This shift marked a significant change in military strategy and organization.