Gunpowder is a chemical mixture primarily made of saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur. It was invented in the 9th century in China and is known for its explosive properties. When ignited, gunpowder rapidly produces gas and heat, resulting in an explosion. This reaction has been used historically in firearms, cannons, and fireworks. The invention of gunpowder significantly changed warfare and technology. It allowed for the development of guns and artillery, which transformed military strategies. Additionally, gunpowder has applications in mining and construction, where controlled explosions are used to break rock and clear land.