Phospholipase C (PLC) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in cellular signaling. It is responsible for breaking down a specific type of lipid called phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into two important molecules: inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These molecules act as second messengers, helping to transmit signals from outside the cell to its interior. The activation of PLC is often triggered by various hormones or growth factors binding to their respective receptors on the cell surface. This process is vital for regulating numerous cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. By generating IP3 and DAG, PLC helps to modulate calcium levels and activate protein kinase C, further influencing cellular responses.