Differentiation is a mathematical process used to find the rate at which a function changes at any given point. It helps determine the slope of a curve, which represents how a quantity varies with respect to another. This concept is fundamental in calculus and is often applied in various fields, including physics and economics. In a broader context, differentiation can also refer to the process of distinguishing between different products or services in a market. Businesses often use differentiation strategies to highlight unique features or benefits, making their offerings stand out from competitors, such as in the case of Apple products compared to other smartphones.