Phenobarbital is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as barbiturates. It is primarily used to treat seizures and can also help with anxiety and sleep disorders. By acting on the central nervous system, it enhances the effects of a neurotransmitter called GABA, which helps to calm brain activity. This drug is typically prescribed when other treatments are ineffective. While it can be effective, phenobarbital may cause side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and potential dependence if used long-term. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential to ensure safe use.