Barbiturates are a class of drugs that act as central nervous system depressants. They were commonly used in the past to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. However, their use has declined due to the risk of addiction and overdose. These medications work by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA, which helps to calm brain activity. While they can be effective for short-term treatment, the potential for dependence and serious side effects has led to stricter regulations and the development of safer alternatives.