Petrophysics is the study of the physical and chemical properties of rocks and their interactions with fluids. It plays a crucial role in understanding how oil, gas, and water are stored and flow within geological formations. By analyzing rock samples and using various techniques, petrophysicists can determine the porosity, permeability, and saturation of these materials. This field is essential for geoscientists and engineers involved in resource exploration and extraction. Petrophysical data helps in making informed decisions about drilling locations and methods, ultimately improving the efficiency and success of hydrocarbon production and water resource management.