The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is a type of nuclear receptor that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression related to metabolism, inflammation, and cell differentiation. PPARs are activated by specific fatty acids and their derivatives, which help the body manage energy balance and lipid metabolism. There are three main types of PPARs: PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, each with distinct functions and tissue distributions. PPARs are important in the development of certain medications, particularly those used to treat conditions like type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. By activating PPARs, these drugs can improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood lipid levels. Research continues to explore the potential of PPARs in various therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular diseases and obesity.