Perlocutionary acts refer to the effects or responses that a speaker's words have on a listener. These acts go beyond the literal meaning of the words and focus on how the listener interprets and reacts to them. For example, when someone says, "It's cold in here," and another person closes a window, the act of closing the window is a perlocutionary effect of the speaker's statement. In the study of speech acts, perlocutionary acts are one of three categories, alongside locutionary acts and illocutionary acts. While locutionary acts involve the actual utterance and its meaning, and illocutionary acts concern the intention behind the utterance, perlocutionary acts emphasize the impact on the audience. Understanding these distinctions