Pericardial effusion is a medical condition where excess fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, the double-layered membrane surrounding the heart. This fluid buildup can occur due to various reasons, including infections, inflammation, or injury. The presence of extra fluid can put pressure on the heart, affecting its ability to pump blood effectively. Symptoms of pericardial effusion may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and a feeling of fullness in the chest. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and severity, ranging from monitoring to procedures that drain the excess fluid.