Pediatric cancers are types of cancer that occur in children and adolescents, typically affecting those aged 0 to 19 years. These cancers are different from adult cancers in terms of their biology and treatment. Common types include leukemia, brain tumors, and neuroblastoma. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. The causes of pediatric cancers are not fully understood, but some factors may include genetic predispositions and environmental influences. Treatment often involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery. Ongoing research aims to improve therapies and understand the unique aspects of these cancers in children.