Payroll taxes are mandatory contributions that employers and employees must pay to fund various government programs. These taxes are typically deducted from an employee's paycheck and include contributions for Social Security and Medicare, which provide benefits for retirees and the disabled. Employers also match these contributions, effectively doubling the amount paid into these programs. In addition to Social Security and Medicare, some payroll taxes may fund state and local programs, such as unemployment insurance. The specific rates and regulations can vary by state and country, but payroll taxes are essential for maintaining social safety nets and public services.