The pau-brasil, or Brazilwood, is a tree native to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. It is known for its dense, reddish wood, which was highly valued in the 16th century for making dye. The tree can grow up to 15 meters tall and has small, fragrant flowers. Due to overexploitation, the pau-brasil became endangered, leading to conservation efforts. It is now protected by law, and its cultivation is encouraged to restore its population. The tree is also significant in Brazilian culture, symbolizing the country's natural heritage and history.