Brazilwood is a type of tree native to the coastal regions of Brazil. Its scientific name is Caesalpinia echinata, and it is known for its dense, reddish heartwood, which has been highly valued for centuries. The wood is rich in a dye called brazilin, which produces a vibrant red color, making it popular for use in textiles and art. Historically, Brazilwood played a significant role in the economy of Brazil during the colonial period, as it was one of the first exports of the country. Overharvesting led to a decline in its population, and it is now considered endangered, prompting conservation efforts to protect this important species.