Pathogen recognition is the process by which the immune system identifies harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Specialized cells, like macrophages and dendritic cells, use receptors to detect unique molecules on the surface of these pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This recognition triggers an immune response to eliminate the threat. Once a pathogen is recognized, the immune system activates various defense mechanisms. This includes the release of signaling molecules called cytokines, which help recruit other immune cells to the site of infection. Effective pathogen recognition is crucial for maintaining health and preventing disease.