A pH electrode is a sensor used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It works by detecting the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in the solution, which determines the pH level. The electrode typically consists of a glass bulb that is sensitive to H⁺ ions and generates a voltage that correlates to the pH value. These electrodes are commonly used in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science. They are essential for monitoring water quality, conducting laboratory experiments, and ensuring proper conditions in agricultural practices. Accurate pH measurement is crucial for many chemical reactions and biological processes.