An electrochemical sensor is a device that detects and measures chemical substances by converting their chemical information into an electrical signal. These sensors typically consist of an electrode system that interacts with the target analyte, allowing for the identification and quantification of various compounds, such as gases or liquids. They are widely used in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and industrial applications. The operation of an electrochemical sensor relies on electrochemical reactions, which occur at the surface of the electrodes. When a specific substance comes into contact with the sensor, it triggers a reaction that generates a measurable current or voltage. This response can be analyzed to provide valuable information about the concentration and presence of the target analyte.