P-type refers to a type of semiconductor material that has been doped with specific elements to create "holes" or positive charge carriers. This is typically achieved by adding elements from group III of the periodic table, such as boron or aluminum, to a pure semiconductor like silicon. The presence of these holes allows for the conduction of electricity, as electrons from neighboring atoms can move into these holes, facilitating current flow. In a p-type semiconductor, the majority charge carriers are holes, while the minority carriers are electrons. This behavior is crucial in the functioning of various electronic devices, including diodes and transistors. P-type materials are often used in conjunction with n-type semiconductors, which have an excess of electrons, to create p-n junctions essential for many electronic applications.