Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear, which is the space behind the eardrum. It often occurs when fluid builds up in the middle ear, usually due to a cold or allergies. Symptoms can include ear pain, difficulty hearing, and sometimes fever. It is most common in young children but can affect people of all ages. Treatment for otitis media may involve pain relief, antibiotics if a bacterial infection is present, or watchful waiting in mild cases. In some instances, a doctor may recommend placing tubes in the ears to help drain fluid and prevent future infections.