Oral cancer refers to cancer that develops in the tissues of the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, and the lining of the cheeks. It can also occur in the throat and salivary glands. Common symptoms include sores that do not heal, lumps, or white or red patches in the mouth. Risk factors include tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and may include a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options often include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer.