Head and neck cancer refers to a group of cancers that develop in the tissues of the head and neck region, including the mouth, throat, larynx, and sinuses. These cancers often start in the squamous cells that line these areas. Common risk factors include tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain viral infections, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms of head and neck cancer can include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, or a lump in the neck. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, which may involve surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Regular check-ups and awareness of changes in the body can help in identifying potential issues early on.