Optical sensors are devices that detect light and convert it into an electrical signal. They are commonly used in various applications, such as cameras, barcode scanners, and fiber optic communication. These sensors can measure different properties of light, including intensity, wavelength, and polarization. These sensors work by using materials that respond to light, such as photodiodes or phototransistors. When light hits these materials, they generate a current that can be measured and analyzed. Optical sensors play a crucial role in fields like automotive technology, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring, enabling precise measurements and improved functionality.