Optic nerve damage occurs when the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain, is harmed. This damage can result from various causes, including glaucoma, trauma, or inflammation. Symptoms may include blurred vision, loss of peripheral vision, or complete vision loss, depending on the severity of the damage. Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including tests like visual field testing and optical coherence tomography. Treatment options vary based on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or vision rehabilitation to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.