Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. Their primary function is to produce and maintain the myelin sheath, a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers. This myelin sheath helps to insulate the nerves and allows electrical signals to transmit more efficiently between neurons.
These cells play a crucial role in supporting neuronal health and function. By ensuring that nerve signals travel quickly and effectively, oligodendrocytes contribute to overall brain function and communication within the nervous system. Damage to oligodendrocytes can lead to neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis.