Microglia are specialized immune cells found in the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. They play a crucial role in maintaining the health of neurons by monitoring the environment for signs of injury or infection. When activated, microglia can remove damaged cells and debris, helping to protect the brain from potential harm. In addition to their protective functions, microglia are involved in the development and maintenance of neural connections. They help shape the brain's architecture by pruning excess synapses during neurodevelopment, ensuring efficient communication between neurons. This makes microglia essential for both brain health and cognitive function.