The oil and gas industry involves the exploration, extraction, refining, and distribution of petroleum and natural gas. This sector plays a crucial role in the global economy, providing energy for transportation, heating, and electricity. Major companies in this industry include ExxonMobil, BP, and Shell, which operate in various regions around the world. The industry is divided into three main segments: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The upstream segment focuses on exploration and production, while the midstream segment handles transportation and storage. The downstream segment involves refining crude oil into usable products like gasoline and diesel fuel.