Neurulation is the process during embryonic development where the neural tube forms from the ectoderm layer. This tube eventually develops into the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. Neurulation begins with the thickening of the ectoderm, leading to the formation of the neural plate. As the neural plate folds inward, it creates the neural groove, which deepens and eventually fuses to form the neural tube. This process is crucial for proper nervous system development, and any disruptions can lead to conditions such as spina bifida or anencephaly.