The neural tube is a structure that forms early in embryonic development and eventually develops into the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. It originates from a layer of cells called the ectoderm, which folds and fuses to create the tube. Proper formation of the neural tube is crucial for normal brain and spinal cord development. If the neural tube does not close completely, it can lead to serious birth defects known as neural tube defects, such as spina bifida or anencephaly. These conditions can affect mobility, cognitive function, and overall health. Adequate intake of folic acid during pregnancy is important for reducing the risk of these defects.