Neurotrophic factors are proteins that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of neurons in the nervous system. They play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system by promoting the health of neurons and facilitating communication between them. These factors include several types, such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). They bind to specific receptors on neurons, triggering signaling pathways that enhance neuronal function and resilience. Neurotrophic factors are essential for processes like neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, which are vital for learning and memory.