Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the growth, maintenance, and survival of neurons in the brain. It supports the development of new neurons and synapses, which are essential for learning, memory, and overall brain health. BDNF is particularly important in areas of the brain involved in cognitive functions, such as the hippocampus. Research has shown that levels of BDNF can be influenced by various factors, including physical exercise, diet, and mental health. Low levels of BDNF have been associated with conditions like depression and Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its significance in both mental and neurological health.