Neonatal screening is a public health program that tests newborns for certain genetic, metabolic, and infectious conditions shortly after birth. This process typically involves a simple blood test, which is taken from a heel prick, and helps identify disorders that may not be immediately apparent. Early detection allows for timely treatment, which can prevent serious health issues or developmental delays. The screening usually includes tests for conditions like phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell disease. Each state may have its own set of required tests, but the goal remains the same: to ensure that newborns receive the best possible start to life by identifying and addressing potential health problems early on.