The neocortex is the outermost layer of the brain, primarily involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, and decision-making. It is a key component of the cerebral cortex and is responsible for processing complex information from the senses, enabling activities like language, reasoning, and problem-solving. Structurally, the neocortex is characterized by its six layers of neurons, each playing a distinct role in processing information. It is more developed in humans compared to other animals, reflecting our advanced cognitive abilities. The neocortex also plays a crucial role in memory and learning, making it essential for adapting to new experiences.