Nationalist movements are organized efforts by groups of people who share a common identity, often based on culture, language, or history, to gain political independence or greater autonomy. These movements typically arise when a group feels marginalized or oppressed within a larger state, leading them to seek self-determination and recognition of their rights. Throughout history, nationalist movements have played significant roles in shaping countries and borders. Examples include the Indian independence movement, which sought freedom from British rule, and the Irish nationalist movement, which aimed for independence from British governance. These movements can lead to significant social and political changes within nations.