Mycorrhiza refers to a symbiotic association between fungi and the roots of plants. This relationship enhances nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth. The fungi extend their hyphae into the soil, increasing the surface area for water and nutrient uptake, while the plant provides carbohydrates to the fungi in return. There are two main types of mycorrhiza: ectomycorrhiza, which form a sheath around the root, and endomycorrhiza, which penetrate the root cells. This partnership is crucial for the health of many ecosystems, as it helps plants thrive in nutrient-poor soils and improves soil structure.