Molecular techniques are laboratory methods used to study and manipulate the molecules that make up living organisms, particularly DNA, RNA, and proteins. These techniques allow scientists to analyze genetic material, identify specific genes, and understand how they function. Common methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. These techniques have numerous applications in fields such as genetics, medicine, and forensic science. For example, they can be used to diagnose genetic disorders, develop targeted therapies for diseases like cancer, and identify individuals in criminal investigations. Overall, molecular techniques are essential tools in modern biological research.