Modern Chinese literature refers to literary works produced in China from the late 19th century to the present. This period includes significant movements such as the May Fourth Movement, which emphasized new cultural ideas and the use of the vernacular language. Writers like Lu Xun and Ba Jin emerged, addressing social issues and advocating for change. Today, modern Chinese literature encompasses a wide range of genres, including novels, poetry, and essays. Authors such as Mo Yan and Yan Ge have gained international recognition, exploring themes of identity, tradition, and the complexities of contemporary life in China.