Mixed electoral systems combine elements of both proportional representation and first-past-the-post voting. In these systems, voters typically cast two votes: one for a candidate in their local district and another for a political party. This approach aims to balance the benefits of direct representation with the fairness of proportional outcomes. Countries like Germany and New Zealand use mixed electoral systems to enhance voter choice and ensure that the overall composition of the legislature reflects the preferences of the electorate. This system can help smaller parties gain representation while still allowing for local representation through district candidates.