Microcapsules are tiny spherical structures that can encapsulate various substances, such as liquids, solids, or gases. They typically range in size from a few micrometers to several millimeters. These capsules are used in various applications, including pharmaceuticals, food products, and cosmetics, to protect sensitive ingredients and control their release over time. The outer shell of a microcapsule is made from materials like polymers or lipids, which help to preserve the core substance. This technology allows for improved stability, targeted delivery, and enhanced effectiveness of the encapsulated materials, making microcapsules valuable in fields like drug delivery and nutraceuticals.