Metallography is the study of the physical and chemical structure of metals and their alloys. It involves examining the microstructure of materials to understand their properties and behaviors. This analysis is typically performed using techniques such as optical microscopy and electron microscopy, which allow scientists to observe the arrangement of grains and phases within the metal. The insights gained from metallography are crucial for various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing. By understanding how different treatments and compositions affect a metal's performance, engineers can design stronger, more durable materials tailored for specific applications.