membrane attack complexes
Membrane attack complexes (MACs) are structures formed by the complement system, a part of the immune system. They play a crucial role in defending the body against infections by creating pores in the membranes of target cells, such as bacteria. This disruption leads to cell lysis, or bursting, which helps eliminate pathogens.
The formation of MACs begins when complement proteins are activated in response to pathogens. These proteins assemble on the surface of the target cell, ultimately forming a large, cylindrical structure that penetrates the cell membrane. This process is essential for the immune response and helps maintain the body's health.