Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by brown or gray-brown patches, primarily on the face. It often appears on areas that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. Melasma is more prevalent in women, especially during pregnancy or when using hormonal medications, but it can also affect men. The exact cause of melasma is not fully understood, but it is believed to be linked to factors like sun exposure, hormonal changes, and genetics. While it is not harmful, many people seek treatment for cosmetic reasons. Options include topical creams, chemical peels, and laser therapy.