The medieval world, often referred to as the Middle Ages, spanned roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century. This period followed the fall of the Roman Empire and was characterized by feudalism, where society was structured around land ownership and the relationships between lords and vassals. Castles, knights, and serfs were common features of this era, reflecting a hierarchical social system. Religion played a significant role in daily life, with the Catholic Church being a dominant influence. Many people lived in rural areas, engaging in agriculture, while towns began to grow as trade increased. The medieval world also saw the rise of universities and the flourishing of art and literature, laying the groundwork for the Renaissance.