Feudal society was a social and economic system that dominated medieval Europe, particularly from the 9th to the 15th centuries. It was characterized by a hierarchy where land was owned by nobles, known as lords, who granted portions of their land, called fiefs, to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty. This system created a network of obligations and protections among different classes. At the bottom of the feudal hierarchy were the serfs or peasants, who worked the land and provided food for the lords and vassals. In return, they received protection and a place to live. This structure helped maintain order and stability during a time when central authority was often weak.