Medieval kingdoms were political entities that existed in Europe from the 5th to the late 15th century. These kingdoms were often ruled by a king or queen and were characterized by a feudal system, where land was exchanged for military service and loyalty. Notable examples include the Kingdom of England, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Kingdom of France. Life in medieval kingdoms was shaped by social hierarchies, with nobles, knights, and peasants playing distinct roles. The economy was primarily agrarian, and trade began to flourish towards the end of the period. The influence of the Catholic Church was significant, affecting politics, culture, and daily life.