Medieval Japan, spanning from the 12th to the 16th century, was marked by the rise of the samurai class and the establishment of the shogunate system. This period saw the emergence of powerful military leaders, known as shoguns, who ruled on behalf of the emperor. The society was structured around feudalism, where land was exchanged for loyalty and military service. Culturally, medieval Japan experienced significant developments in art, literature, and religion. The influence of Buddhism grew, leading to the creation of beautiful temples and gardens. The tea ceremony and Noh theater also became important cultural practices, reflecting the values and aesthetics of the time.