Medieval Italy, spanning roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century, was a period marked by the decline of the Roman Empire and the rise of city-states. Regions like Tuscany, Lombardy, and Veneto became centers of trade and culture, with cities such as Florence, Venice, and Milan flourishing. The era saw the emergence of powerful families, like the Medici, who influenced politics and the arts. During this time, Italy was characterized by a feudal system, with local lords controlling land and peasants working it. The Catholic Church played a significant role in daily life, and many notable figures, including Dante Alighieri and Giotto, contributed to literature and art. The period eventually paved the way for the Renaissance, a cultural rebirth that began in Italy.